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.NET Framework:
The Microsoft .NET Framework is the Windows developer platform that connects information, people, systems, and devices.
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Application Domain
A Common Language Runtime application domain is a mechanism (similar to an operating system process), used to isolate executed software applications from one another so that they do not affect each other. This is achieved by making any unique virtual address space run exactly one application and scopes the resources for the process or application domain using that address space.
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Base Class Library:
A .NET Framework library, BCL is the standard for the C# runtime library and one of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard libraries. BCL provides types representing the built-in CLI data types, basic file access, collections, custom attributes, formatting, security attributes, I/O streams, string manipulation, and more.
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The Common Language Runtime (CLR):
The Microsoft .NET Framework is the Windows developer platform that connects information, people, systems, and devices.
The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the virtual machine component of Microsoft's .NET initiative. It is Microsoft's implementation of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard, which defines an execution environment for program code. The CLR runs a form of bytecode called the Common Intermediate Language (CIL, previously known as MSIL -- Microsoft Intermediate Language).
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Garbage Collection (GC)
The process of implicitly reclaiming unused memory by the CLR. Stack values are collected when the stack frame they are declared within ends (e.g., when a method returns). Heap objects are collected sometime after the final reference to them is destroyed. System.GC.Collect() forces the garbage collector to to run
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Global Assembly Cache (GAC)
The GAC is necessary for side-by-side execution and for the sharing of assemblies among multiple applications. To reside in the GAC, an assembly must be public (i.e., a shared assembly) and have a strong name. Assemblies are added and removed from the GAC using the Global Assembly Cache Tool.
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MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language)
The machine-independent language into which .NET applications are compiled using .NET language compiler (e.g., C# and VB.NET). The MSIL output is then used as the input of the Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler, which compiles the MSIL instructions to machine language just prior to its execution. MSIL can also be converted to native machine object code using the Native Image Generator utility.
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Namespace
A namespace is a logical grouping of the names—identifiers—used within an application. Each name within a namespace is unique. A namespace contains only the name of a type, but not the type itself. A developer creates namespaces in order to organize classes into functional units.
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Reflection
System.Reflection enables an application to discover information about classes in order to access class members, create new types at runtime (System.Reflection.Emit), or modify its own behavior by calling methods at runtime using late-binding and dynamic invocation techniques.
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